Figure 1. �bc8���/�p�ɗa13� ���GK20~ Ҍ@O-�R��~ i��`q� @J��I���Y In these countries most outbreaks are minor and sporadic, because of the high level of vaccination. h�bbd``b`V+��j �� s@b� V#�� b邈 ��+ Another epidemic occurred in China during 1993 to 1994 in an unvaccinated rural horse population and was caused by a strain related to the H3N8 virus circulating in Europe. Equine influenza virus (EIV) undergoes continuous antigenic drift, and vaccine protection from immunogenic stimulation is maximised when vaccines strains have greater homogeneity to circulating strains. Equine influenza outbreaks occur worldwide and most often affect horses that are unvaccinated or have been vaccinated but not within the required time intervals set by regulatory bodies or vaccine manufacturers. Equine influenza (EI) is a serious respiratory disease of horses induced by the equine influenza virus (EIV). This study, however, is likely to be an … Surveillance, quarantine procedures and vaccination are widely used to prevent or to contain the disease. The OIE also convenes an Expert Surveillance Panel on Equine Influenza Vaccine that examines the strains o… endstream endobj 455 0 obj <. 0 rFLU-SD. Paillot R, Pitel P-H, Pronost S, Legrand L et al (2019) Florida clade 1 equine influenza virus in France. Global Equine Influenza Vaccine Market is estimated to be valued US$ XX.X million in 2019. The report on Equine Influenza Vaccine Market provides qualitative as well as quantitative analysis in terms of market dynamics, competition scenarios, opportunity analysis, market growth, etc. The VMD are the government body responsible for the safe and effective use of … Horses 1–5 yr old are the most susceptible to infection. Researchers investigated. … Vaccines are produced according to the guidelines in Chapter 2.5.7 of the OIE . … However, due to the variability of the strains of virus in circulation, and the difficulty in matching the vaccine strain to the strains of virus in circulation, vaccination does not always prevent infection although it can reduce the severity of the disease and speed recovery times. Horses in training in the UK must be vaccinated with an Equine Influenza vaccine that is currently authorised by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). %PDF-1.5 %���� However, for herd immunity to work a large proportion of the population must be vaccinated. The vaccine is given as an injection into a muscle. Equine influenza H3N8 American and Eurasian sublineages. Does that mean horses need boosters when receiving a different EIV vaccine than they’ve gotten in the past? Most of the cases, the disease spread from the direct contact of infected horses in equestrian sports. h�b```�%��[@��(����q����ሀ[��3����ľ��f`(�������q�i߬�̙kC䚮��;m��, ���� ����4��Hu0v0u`���wꁴ0��EB��L�>3�0�3�2�3�d�a � k�7� Equine Influenza is a viral respiratory disease which is highly contagious to susceptible horses. Rendle D, Ivens P, Bowen M, Lawrence H et al (2019) Equine influenza: A current reference for vets in practice in the UK. Sequence determination of both HA and NAs should be completed before u. The Equine Influenza Vaccine Manufacturers Profiles Market is experiencing tremendous growth owing to its severity, as it is a contagious disease and can rapidly transmissible. The vaccine reduces the signs of equine influenza and the excretion (shedding) of the virus after infection. The H3N8 strain of equine influenza is not known to infect humans. Equine Influenza Vaccine “KMB” CALVENZA -03 EIV/EHV (combination vaccine) also meets USEF requirements. Equine Influenza vaccine Vaccines are available to help prevent equine influenza, but they are considered aids and not preventative in their own right. To optimise protection in horses that are in high risk situations the vaccine can be used to mimic natural infection and can be given every 6 months after the initial course of 3 vaccinations. The disease is contagious and occurs worldwide. The selected viruses should induce responses which are immunogenically relevant to the equine influenza viruses circulating nationally. Equine influenza can cause significant losses to the equine industry and infections can be fatal. Our research into equine vaccines ensure we provide our customers with products they can rely on. The key to prevention is … Q: What Equine Influenza vaccines can I use? The latest outbreak of equine influenza took place in Australia in August 2007. Durham A (2019) Choosing an equine influenza vaccine. 475 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0C1C466995091A42B6C69D510EFCA674><049A0581AFA72348B1EFCDCCCDF67A45>]/Index[454 40]/Info 453 0 R/Length 97/Prev 141902/Root 455 0 R/Size 494/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Equine vaccination is most commonly performed against equine influenza (EI) and tetanus, with an owner‐based survey reporting 71.3% horses were vaccinated for both EI and tetanus in Great Britain 1 with lower vaccination rates in ponies, retired and companion animals. In addition, the concerns and initiatives for the well-being of animals by animal welfare organizations led to imposing a positive impact on market growth. 493 0 obj <>stream %%EOF Vaccination is an effective tool to limit equine influenza virus (EIV H3N8) infection, a contagious respiratory disease with potentially huge economic impact. The incubation period for the disease is between one to five days. Fortunately, preventive vaccine is available. Vaccination Schedules Adult Horses. CONTENTS: RECOMBITEK ® Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine contains lyophilized recombinant canarypox viruses plus a sterile liquid diluent. Equine influenza is a highly contagious disease that is very common in horses but that rarely causes death. There are two types of equine influenza virus vaccine currently marketed: Inactivated (killed) vaccines for intramuscular administration. In the past 20 years serious outbreaks have occurred in a number of countries (including Australia in 2007), associated with importations of subclinically infecte… Vaccinations are an important part of preventative health planning, with appropriate vaccination helping to protect your horse from a number of important, sometimes life-threatening diseases. Two canarypox vector viruses have been modified using recombinant technology to express the hemagglutinin (HA) antigens of A/Eq/Kentucky/94 (H3N8) and A/Eq/Newmarket/2/93 … Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine: 2. In Pract 41 (2), 84-87 BMJ. In the UK horses can be vaccinated against the following diseases: Influenza; Tetanus; Equine Herpes Virus 1 and 4; Strangles Thus, for instance, the old vaccine strain A/equine/Miami/63 induces antibodies that protect against viruses isolated in the 1960s, but we would not expect this strain to protect against current viruses. Influenza is a risk-based vaccine, according to Dr. Mark Crisman, senior veterinarian, Equine Technical Services at Zoetis. We manufacture and sell monovalent equine influenza vaccine as well as triple-mix combination vaccine for equine influenza, Japanese encephalitis, and tetanus. This is partly due to the fact that there is minimal evolutionary pressure to generate strains with higher virulence, so the equine influenza virus evolves slowly in comparison to other influenza viruses. endstream endobj startxref Orthomyxovirus A/equine-2 was first recognized in 1963 as a cause of widespread epidemics and has subsequently become endemic in many countries, except for New Zealand and Iceland. Where a higher percentage of the equine population is vaccinated, the spread of the disease is ultimately reduced. Laver, R.G. Manufacturers producing vaccines for a strictly national market are encouraged to liaise with reference laboratories. Estimates suggest that only 50 percent of the equine population in the UK are vaccinated against influenza. Evidence implicating duck and equine influenza viruses as possible progenitors of the Hong Kong strain of human influenza: W.G. Equine Influenza Vaccination . Equine influenza (EI) is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease that can cause rapidly-spreading outbreaks of respiratory disease in susceptible populations of horses. As for equine influenza, vaccine coverage is well known to be essential to prevent human influenza, as recently illustrated by Uchida et al. EI is endemic in Europe (except Iceland) and in North and South America. All horses are at risk of flu as in certain weather cond… Equine Influenza vaccination. The VETERA vaccine line *USEF requires documentation of both Equine Influenza (EIV) and Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) vaccinations within 6 months to enter USEF-licensed show grounds. Outbreaks of the disease are occurring with increased frequency worldwide despite the widespread use of vaccines. In August 2007 Revaccinate annually available to help prevent equine influenza vaccine as well as triple-mix combination )! 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