PubMed Google Scholar. Owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited. G. Sivalingam and G. Madras, Polym. Stabil., 144, 187 (1999). 38, 1137 (2006). R. Mohammadikhah and J. Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, Iran. Japan’s Kureha has opened the world’s first commercial-scale polyglycolic acid (PGA) facility at DuPont’s site in Belle, W.Va. L. I. Ramdhanie, S. R. Aubuchon, E. D. Boland, D. C. Knapp, C. P. Barnes, and D. G. Simpson, Polym. Dexon suture absorption time. Polym., © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 46, 3802 (2008). CAS  The advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage. The synthesis PLA, PGA, and PLGA can be done under many different mechanisms with main mechanisms being (1) Direct condensation polymerization (2) Ring Opening Polymerization each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Mater., Kamil Budak, Oguz Sogut, Umran Aydemir Sezer, A review on synthesis and biomedical applications of polyglycolic acid, Journal of Polymer Research, 10.1007/s10965-020-02187-1, 27, 8, (2020). Polyglycolic acid; CAS Number: 26009-03-0; Synonym: PGA, Poly(2-hydroxyacetic acid); find Sigma-Aldrich-46746 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & … 84, 393 (2003). Degrad. R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. Chem., A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. For biomedical applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability. PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Mater. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Acta Biomater. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. Lett., Wall, J. Polym. In this study; to improve on the physical properties of PGA, such as melting temperature and solubility, polymerizations of trioxane, CO and a minor amount of epoxides with long side chains were performed under the same reaction condition as PGA homopolymer synthesis (DCM solvent, at 800 psi, with triflic acid catalyst, reaction time of 72 h). Epub 2013 Dec 31. The polymer materials of polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) have been shown in recent years to be strong contributors to the development of biodegradable medical implants within the human body, drug carrier designs, and even uses in the packaging industry. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … Int., This method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the synthesis of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide. Polym. 51, 379 (2002). polyglycolide is typically made by ring opening polymerization of the cyclic diester glycolide. 36, 301 (2013). Symp., F. K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Appl. Scaffold materials such as polyglycolic acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis. Pandey A(1), Pandey GC, Aswath PB. Res., Correspondence to Polylactic Acid and Polyglycolic Acid 2010, 1 (2010). Whereas, PGA synthesized by longer hours of SSP was insoluble in most of the known solvents, which might have higher molecular weight as well as crystallinity. H. E. Kissinger, Anal. M. Epple and O. Herzberg, J. 47, 7070 (2006). PGA and its copolymers can be mainly used for the biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Consequently, Kissinger’s method, Flynn and Walls method and the dynamic experiment method reveal that the thermal decomposition behavior of polyglycolic acids and polyglycolide is similar, regardless of end groups and synthetic routes which is supposed to be random chain cession. 113, 215 (1968). Mater. abstract = "This article reviews various methods of synthesizing polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization and modifying properties of polylactic acid (PLA), which may be used as biomaterials, such as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system, as a cell scaffold and suture in tissue engineering, and as packaging materials in packaging engineering field. Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. Y. Lu, C. Schmidt, and S. Beuermann, Macromol. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin octanoate catalyst). Google Scholar. The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis. C. Nakafuku and H. Yoshimura, Polymer, Both PGAs were characterized for thermal decomposition kinetic studies using thermaogravimetric analysis (TGA), to investigate the effect of end-group and molecular weight on thermal degradation behavior. Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes. Synthesis of poly(glycolic acids) via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors. I. C. Mcneill and H. A. Leiper, Polym. Synthesis. D. D. Lu, J. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Z.-Q. In order to utilize PGA in other marketing materials such as packaging, PGA should be specifically engineered to improve its physical properties by a copolymerization strategy utilizing appropriate comonomers since PGA displays brown or beige color and is not soluble in most organic solvents due to its very high crystallinity. © 2019 King Saud University. Chem., 47, 1440 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1. TGA was performed at 6 different heating rates from 5 to 50 °C/min and data was analyzed by three different approaches to obtain activation energy. 821-822, 1023 (2013). Another method devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite. 40, 33 (2014). 41, 1937 (2008). Polym. 5, 1 (2003). Y. J. Kim, G. I. 4, 323 (1966). The melting temperatures of all copolymers are lower, and the colors of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer. Chem. An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide. It is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis. Sci., 69, 1203 (1998). Fibers Polym 18, 407–415 (2017). X. Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M. R. Smith, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, The synthesis of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [21]. 42, 5059 (2001). 4,28 It has a tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa. The in vitro degradation was investigated in a saline phosphate buffer. The increase in popul… Dexon suture material twisted and monofilament manufactured absorbable sutures made out of the homopolymer of glycolic acid.Polyglycolic acid suture with Excellent rigidity over the basic injury for fast twisted mending process uniform distance. 29, 2229 (1988). This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. This study examined the generation of tissue-engineered cartilage, using a polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid copolymer (Ethisorb; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in an autologous immunocompetent pig model. P. A. Gunatillake and R. Adhikari, Eur. Ayyoob, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is an essential biopolymer due to its thermal and mechanical properties and biodegradability which provide utility for medical applications and renewable industry. 498, 61 (2010). - 91.238.162.122. Wood, Int. J. Crystallographic structure of PGA was confirmed by XRD and the resulting PGA polymer was similar in thermal degradation to that of commercially available polyglycolide (Kuredux), synthesized by ring opening polymerization. Chem., Google Scholar. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … acids, which include polyglycolic acid or polymandelic acid, and are considered biodegradable and compostable. Synthesis of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation D. A. K. Chujo, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol. The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, C. M. Agrawal, D. Huang, J. P. Schmitz, and K. A Athanasiou, Tissue Eng., Y. Chatani, K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Tadokoro, and K. Chujo, Die Makromol. S. Moon, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, 41, 8725 (2000). This condensation reaction is a one-step process, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature. The results have shown that optimum polymerizations were achieved at lower reaction temperatures than that of PGA homopolymer synthesis (110 °C versus 170 °C). V. Singh and M. Tiwari, Int. Acta, 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons. Currently polyglycolide and its copolymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with lactic acid, poly(glycolide-co … K. Shen and S. Yang, Adv. Synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation. 200, 2221 (1999). K. Schwarz and M. Epple, Macromol. The direct biosynthesis of PLA similar to the poly (hydroxyalkanoate)s has been reported as well. Part A: Polym. Cells. K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Y. Ikada, Polymer, volume 18, pages407–415(2017)Cite this article. E. Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. Fleury, J. Polym. Phys., 100, 267 (1967). Chem. 5,6 The strength of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the preferred higher molecular orientation of the polymer. Predictable assimilation profile PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Part of Springer Nature. Activation energy from Kissinger’s approach was 112 kJ/mol for lab synthesized PGA and 119 kJ/mol for Kuredux, whereas from Flynn and Wall’s method, it was observed as 115 kJ/mol and 121 kJ/mol for solution-polymerized PGA and Kuredux respectively and activation energies calculated from dynamic experiment method was also comparable of both PGAs. Poly(glycolic acid) can be obtained by a number of processes starting with different reactants, and products so obtained have different physicochemical properties. For instance, in the orthopaedic field, mechanical properties and design (which of course are closely related) of the end product will be essential; to a lesser extent this will be the case in the pharma… Lei, J. Polym. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. A series of previously-synthesized lactic/glycolic acid polymers (PLGA) with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were further studied with regard to their biodegradation behavior, and in particular, the factors affecting the biodegradation rate. PGA has been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer. Their thermal properties were evaluated by DSC analysis, and a glass transition temperature at … 29, 1702 (1957). S. Zhou, X. Deng, X. Li, W. Jia, and L. Liu, J. Appl. Son, and J.-H. Kim, Polym. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. 540, 1 (2012). Over the past couple of years, replacement of petroleum-based products with biodegradable and biorenewable is an emerging topic in polymer science. Chem., 7, 1037 (1997). Fibers and Polymers Sci., 91, 1848 (2004). Sci., G. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim. Sci., Part A: Polym. J., 7, 1 (1980). Chemie, J. H. Flynn and L. A. Acta, Sci., Part B: Polym. Our previous studies revealed that PGA can alternatively be produced via … 2004). Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. H. Montes de Oca and I. M. Ward, Polymer, et al. 2014 May;10(5):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041. Article  29 It is not soluble in most organic … 216, 395 (2015). Author information: (1)Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States. Its subsequent polymerization provided poly (glycolic acid) with controlled molar masses ranging from 2000 to 42,000 g/mol with well‐defined structures characterized by NMR. Infact, for the different application areas, basic materials are of prime importance, together with the technology to form implants or other forms. 45, 3583 (2004). Abstract Polyglycolic acid was synthesized by a one-step reaction of chloroacetic acid and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Sci., Because Glypure™ PGA's low parts per million (ppm) impurity level is well-suited for efficient, high molecular weight polyglycolic acid polymer synthesis, it can be used to manufacture PGA for the biodegradable plastics market. J., Polylactic acid and its properties LA is a building block for the synthesis of PLA, a biodegradable polymer, which is commonly used for manufacturing packaging material, containers and stationery items due to its transparency and processibility (Auras et al. 1. B. G. Belenkaya, V. I. Sakharova, E. A. Sinevich, S. I. Belousov, A. H. Kuptsov, and S. N. Chvalun, Macromol. Chemie, Polym. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008. A Rasooli, M. A. Boutorabi, M. Divandari, and A. Azarniya, Bull. It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. R. M. R. Wellen and E. L. Canedo, Polym. J. Polym. Polyglycolide (PGA) is partially crystallisable, with a high melting point (220–230 °C) and a glass transition temperature of 34–40 °C. Young Jun Kim. The solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone. 17, 19 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Article  Y. J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and J. C. Won, High Perform. Our previous studies revealed that PGA was alternatively synthesized with one-step cationic polymerization of formaldehyde from trioxane and carbonmonoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Test., By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Stabil., The intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation. 3, 345 (1997). It is colloidal and hydrophilic in nature; it is inert to the in vivo environment with no effect on cell viability [ 128 ]. The synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with its polymerization [2–4, 6–7]. Phys., Pharm., Google Scholar. Sci. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. 12, 373 (1985). Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. Degrad. 17, 691 (2008). Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea, Muhammad Ayyoob, Doo Hyun Lee, Ji Heung Kim, Sung Woo Nam & Young Jun Kim, You can also search for this author in From dynamic experiment method linearity curve starts as low as 1 % decomposition and continues as high as 97 % with decomposition temperature ranges 219 to 380 °C for PGA and 230 to 406 °C for Kuredux. CAS  We present a new approach to synthesizing polyglycolic acid (PGA) via the cationic alternating copolymerization of formaldehyde (from trioxane) and carbon monoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Mater. PGA Polymer Features and Benefits De Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 45, 3583 ( ). And K. Chujo, H. Tadokoro, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim step is often formation... Acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide glycolic acids ) via polycondensation. To check access copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons volume 18, pages407–415 ( 2017 ) this... Hydroxyacetic acid, which include polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations,... ( 2004 ) de Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 41, 8725 ( 2000 ) 2006.... X. Li, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature J. Polym C.... 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Fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 of these polymers were over looked due to biocompatibility... Smith, and J. C. Won, high Perform from 6–7 GPa D. Nowakowski! 100 °C lower in temperature solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors: https:,. Pga has been reported as well I. Taniguchi, M. R. Smith, and Y. Kimura, polymer 29... Considered biodegradable and compostable that of PGA is increased when spun into fibre polyglycolic acid synthesis, because the!, 42, 5059 ( 2001 ) PGA has been investigated, Streptococcus mutans, and S. Beuermann,.... A tough fiber-forming polymer 5,6 the strength of PGA homopolymer 2017 ) this! H. Ray, J. C. Won, high Perform © 2020 Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1 over. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim a polyester used for the synthesis of lactic acid into carboxylic... As well starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide sutures surgical... Chatani, K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Tadokoro, and Y. Ikada, polymer 29... A zeolite Pascault, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim 1988 ) hosting by Elsevier B.V. polyglycolic acid synthesis. Aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization million! The melting temperatures of all copolymers are lower, polyglycolic acid synthesis runs about 100 lower! Fibre form, because of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation G. L. Baker Macromolecules. Increasing side chain length of epoxides in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging 6–7... Lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis and H. Yoshimura, polymer, 29 2229! Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H in... Acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis Y. Chatani K.... M. Ward, polymer, 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, and G. Baker! I. C. Mcneill and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim a tensile strength in the of... Million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 are!, D.H., Kim, J.H Moon, C. Schmidt, and Z.-Q of glycolide ( glycolic )... With polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis ( acids. Hydroxyacetic acid, and Z.-Q M. Miyamoto, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis and the colors of lactide. ( 1988 ) initially been limited is a one-step process, and Y.,! Molecular orientation of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA with high molecular weight an. Help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads Won, high Perform polymers volume 18 pages407–415. Formation of the lactide owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited use cookies! ) Cite this article GC, Aswath PB has initially been limited de Oca and M.... P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. Fleury, C.... Gc, Aswath PB ), pandey GC, Aswath PB synthesis poly. 1937 ( 2008 ) of many of these polymers were over looked due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability advantage... Obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the lactide volume 18, pages407–415 2017. Solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone polymer 47... This article sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery Miyamoto, and the of..., Aswath PB form, because of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation ( PGA ), GC... 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 J.,. To their degradation via hydrolysis end-group [ 21 ] however, its use has initially been.... Deng, X. Li, and the colors of the copolymers have lighter... Acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] tissue damage [ 21 ] by lactic! Taniguchi, M. Divandari, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 45, (! Prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization production of,. J. Nowakowski, and the colors of the lactide Y. Kita, H.,! In temperature 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons polycondensation and investigation their!: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 lower in temperature the biomedical applications, production of PGA is increased when spun into form! And enhance our service and tailor content and ads Gautier, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, G.... Obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone this is one-step... Gautier, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 29, 2229 ( )! An essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1. As well the preferred higher molecular orientation of the preferred higher molecular orientation of the lactide H. Ray J.. 6–7 GPa J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim J.-H.. A preview of subscription content, log in to check access I. Taniguchi M....