(thirteen years before Nehemiah) and completed his work shortly after Nehemiah’s arrival. 428/27 BCE, assuming a repeated scribal The following are five of the most helpful commentaries on Ezra/Nehemiah. They returned in waves. Ezra’s dating is more difficult. Second, some may attempt to solve this difficulty by alleging that Artaxerxes II was the king who reigned during the days of Ezra and Nehemiah’s return to Jerusalem, while Artaxerxes I was the king mentioned prior to Darius’ reign (Ezra 4:7-23). Others, again, are of the opinion that neither Ezra nor Nehemiah, but some other unknown editor, most probably the compiler of the Books of Chronicles, put together the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah, using largely the memoirs of the two great men who are … Great followers work side by side with other followers! Nehemiah’s career ex­tended from 445 until sometime after 433 B.C.E. Archaeologists F. In total there were ten different gates mentioned in the repairing of the wall. 398/97 BCE and arguing that Ezra and earlier Nehemiah never worked together.7 The Emended Approach, to some extent a synthesis of the above two, places Nehemiah after Ezra and dates the latter to the thirty seventh year of Artaxerxes I, i.e. to his 32nd year (432 B.C.) Nehemiah three gives us a vivid picture of the details of the work. Ezra and Nehemiah cover an historical period of approximately 100 years, from the decree of Cyrus permitting the exiles to return to their homeland to Nehemiah’s time in office. Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles. Since the time of Zunz (1832), the consensus of modern scholarship has been that the author of Chronicles was also the author of Ezra-Nehemiah, and this view still has its adherents (Blenkinsopp, Clines (1984)). Nehemiah served as Judah’s governor for 12 years, from Artaxerxes’ 20th year (444 B.C.) Sheshbazzar, apparently the first Jewish governor of Yehud (Judea), led the first wave and laid the foundation to rebuild the Temple, that is, to construct the Second Temple (Ezra 1:7–11, 5:14–16). Not only did Cyrus permit the rebuilding, he even paid for much of it (Ezra … Originally written together as a single book in the Jewish Scriptures, Ezra and Nehemiah document the fulfillment of God's promise that Israel will return home after 70 years of exile in Babylon and restore their ruined dwellings again. Neh 8:2 on the first day of the seventh month Ezra the priest brought the Law before the assembly Neh 13:6 in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes I had returned to the king (Nehemiah returns to the king as his servant) 432BC The plain sense of the biblical text suggests that he arrived in Judea in 458 B.C.E. DATE: Some time around 433/432-400 B.C. The question of the authorship of Ezra-Nehemiah is bound up with its relation with the book of Chronicles. Some forty sections of the wall are mentioned, showing Nehemiah’s careful detailed planning of the project. In contrast, the two great leaders of EN’s second period (458–432 b.c.e . III. These two books were originally a single work, and most commentaries treat them together. Nehemiah recorded the reconstruction of the wall of Jerusalem, Judah’s capital city. C. It seems that Ezra incorporated into one work his writings in Ezra and Nehemiah (chapter 7) as well as Nehemiah's personal memoirs in Nehemiah. D. Another possibility is that a later, but not much later, Chronicler combined the works of Ezra and Nehemiah into the canonical work of Ezra-Nehemiah. These men are generally mentioned together, and they both work closely with the people. Together, he and Ezra, who led the spiritual revival of the people, directed the political and religious restoration of the Jews in their homeland after the Babylonian captivity. 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